A short prayer penetrates heaven
The implication is that brevity is effective in winning the ear of Heaven, and, by extension, anyone from whom we seek help.
Even the prayers of an ant reach to Heaven
God hears all living beings.
God helps them that help themselves
This semi-humorous saying suggests that we should not rely entirely on God to help us. God will help us if we make an effort.
God moves in a mysterious way
The implication is that God's plan is beyond human understanding. God has a reason for everything, however strange it may seem to us.
Man proposes, God disposes
Human beings can make any plans they want, but it's God that decides their success or failure.
Poor men go to heaven as soon as rich
God makes no distinction between people with money and people without money.
The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose
1) Bad people can appear to be good to achieve their objective. 2) Even good things can be twisted to achieve bad ends.
When the devil cannot come, he will send
The implication is that the devil is very persistent. He will always find a way to tempt us. If the devil cannot bring temptation to us himself, he will find someone else to bring it.